![]() (θ + φ) takes the place of (θ – φ) and (45° + φ/2) that of (45° – φ/2) in the work relating toĪlso Read : Skempton’s Pore Pressure ParametersĬoulomb’s theory with a plane surface of failure is only valid if the wall friction in relation to passive resistance is zero. ![]() Α = 90°, β = 0°, and δ = φ, and Kp reduces to,įor a smooth vertical wall retaining a horizontal backfill,Īs with the active case, it is possible to start with the fundamentals in this simple case. Kp being the coefficient of passive earth pressure.įor a vertical wall retaining a horizontal backfill and for which the friction is equal to φ, The value of Pp so obtained may be written as : The minimum value of Pp is obtained by differentiating eqn 1 with respect to θĮquating to zero, and substituting the corresponding value of θ. The passive resistance ‘ Pp’ can be calculated using the following terminology: 1, the failure plane is at a much smaller angle to the horizontal than in the active case.įigure 1 depicts the force triangle. In the Coulomb theory, a plane failure surface is assumed for the passive case as well, but the critical plane is the one with the lowest passive thrust. ![]() The obliquity angles at the wall and on the failure plane are of opposite sign in the passive case, as opposed to the active case. ![]()
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